Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A group of progressive lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, characterized by airflow limitation and breathing difficulties. Management includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and oxygen therapy.
Asthma
A condition marked by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Treatment often involves inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and avoiding triggers.
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs)
A diverse group of disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common ILD. Management may include antifibrotic drugs, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
A blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries, usually due to blood clots that travel from the legs (deep vein thrombosis). Treatment involves anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Sleep Apnea
A disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type. Treatment typically involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and lifestyle changes.
Pulmonary Hypertension
High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can be primary or secondary to other conditions. Management may include medications like endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and prostacyclin analogs.
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, causing thick mucus production. Treatments include mucolytics, pancreatic enzyme supplements, and CFTR modulator therapies.
Bronchiectasis
A condition where the airways become damaged and widened, leading to chronic infection and inflammation. Management often includes antibiotics, bronchodilators, and chest physiotherapy.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
A comprehensive program involving exercise training, education, and support to help individuals with chronic lung diseases improve their physical and emotional well-being.
Advanced Diagnostic Techniques
Innovations in imaging, such as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans and bronchoscopy, play crucial roles in diagnosing and managing pulmonary conditions.
Emerging Therapies and Research
Ongoing research is focused on new treatments, including targeted therapies for lung cancer, novel antifibrotic drugs for IPF, and advancements in gene therapies.
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