Nanomaterials are materials that have structural features on the nanometre scale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres (nm). At this scale, materials often exhibit unique properties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts due to quantum effects and a high surface area-to-volume ratio. While nanomaterials offer significant advantages, there are challenges related to their production, stability, and potential environmental and health impacts. Understanding the toxicity, bioavailability, and ecological effects of nanomaterials is essential for safe application and regulation. Nanomaterials are revolutionizing various fields, including electronics, energy, healthcare, and environmental management, due to their enhanced properties such as increased strength, electrical conductivity, and chemical reactivity. For example, nanoparticles can exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, enabling lighter and stronger materials for aerospace and automotive industries. In electronics, they allow for the development of faster, more efficient devices with smaller form factors.